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| كتاب تصميم المنشأت المعدنية طبقا للكود الامريكي |
كتاب تصميم المنشأت المعدنية طبقا للكود الامريكي Segui with solution pdf
السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
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STRUCTURAL DESIGN
The structural design of buildings, whether of structural steel or reinforced concrete, requires the determination of the overall proportions and dimensions of the supporting framework and the selection of the cross sections of individual members. In most cases the functional design, including the establishment of the number of stories and the floor plan, will have been done by an architect, and the structural engineer must work within the constraints imposed by this design. Ideally, the engineer and architect will collaborate throughout the design process to complete the project in an efficient manner. In effect, however, the design can be summed up as follows: The architect decides how the building should look; the engineer must make sure that it doesn’t fall down. Although this distinction is an oversimplification, it affirms the first priority of the structural engineer: safety. Other important considerations include serviceability (how well the structure performs in terms of appearance and deflection) and economy. An economical structure requires an efficient use of materials and construction labor. Although this objective can usually be accomplished by a design that requires a minimum amount of material, savings can often be realized by using more material if it results in a simpler, more easily constructed project. In fact, materials account for a relatively small portion of the cost of a typical steel structure as compared with labor and other costs (Ruby and Matuska, 2009).
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